Plants change color with the seasons due to changes in the amount of pigments like chlorophyll within the leaves. During the growing season, leaves have an abundance of chlorophyll, which gives them their green color and helps them capture sunlight to make food for the plant. As autumn days grow shorter and colder, some plants stop producing chlorophyll, and it breaks down into smaller molecules. This reduction in chlorophyll allows other pigments that were present in the leaf all along, such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, to become visible, resulting in the beautiful yellows, oranges, and reds that we associate with autumn123.
The best autumn colors are produced when the weather is dry, sunny, and cool. If the weather is cloudy, damp, or warm, the colors may not be as vibrant4. Additionally, trees start building a protective seal between the leaves and their branches as the weather turns, which eventually leads to the leaves falling off4. This is part of the plant’s preparation for the winter season.
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